
Bias And Presupposition
Like the student who was asked by his English teacher if he would begin stacking firewood in the middle of a pile, many people, (especially Christian Apologists) who believe that they are deep thinkers, unwittingly start in the middle of an argument.
A young writer who considered himself to be a (at least developing) philosopher, posed the following questions. While innocent-enough looking, they are fraught with assumptions and beliefs.
What is the nature of the universe?
What is man’s place in the universe?
What is good and what is evil?
What is the nature of God?
What is fate and what is free will?
What is soul and what is immorality?
What is the order of man and state?
What is education?
What is mind and matter?
What is ideas and what is thinking?
What Is The Nature Of The Universe?
The Universe has no “Nature!” It is a brute fact which each of us must endure in our own ways. It is supremely indifferent and insensible to the wants and needs of any person, in the same way that we are unaware and uncaring of a red blood cell in our veins – more so, because we at least can become aware of a drop of blood, while the Universe sails serenely on, completely unaffected and unaltered, despite our actions. There is no intrinsic purpose or meaning to the Universe. Any ‘meaning’ is only one which each of us imbues it with.
All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players!
What is Man’s Place in the Universe?
Here is the first place where the presuppositions become obvious. There is no Cosmic airline hostess to escort us to our preordained seat, from which we may not move. People who ask questions like this often assume that our place will be in First Class, when in fact, we are lucky to get a spot in coach, and not be stuck in the Baggage compartment.
‘My place’ in the Universe is in front of my computer, trying to understand people’s thoughts and actions. Your ‘place’ will probably be somewhere else. Each (wo)man’s place, and each group of (wo)men’s place, is wherever we strive and succeed in making it.
What is good, and what is evil?
Good and evil are imaginary concepts, dreamed up by people who want to feel good about themselves, their lifestyle and their choices. What they do is good – what you do is evil. I have even had self-righteous folks who admit that “you” did good things, but you did them for the wrong reasons.
Good is what is beneficial to me, and evil is anything which causes me loss or pain. This definition applies to everyone, so there are countless definitions of “Good” and “Evil.” The only commonality is when evolution-caused empathy makes it apply to larger and larger groups of people.
Hitler did not think that he was doing evil when he invaded Poland, or executed Jews and Gypsies. He was trying to improve the standard of living for him, and his German people. The victors write the History. Aside from becoming psychopathic about it, his main problem was that his field of empathy was not wide enough.
What is the nature of God?
This is another assumption, like the one above, of the nature of the Universe. At least the Universe can be observed. First, prove that God is real, then we’ll discuss/argue His nature. Either He does not exist, or He is the winner of the longest game of Hide And Seek ever. The Old Testament portrays Him as a vicious, vengeful, spiteful, capricious, contradictory, ill-focused, incoherent, destructive old man, while the New Testament shows Him as a petulant child.
What is Fate, and what is free will?
Fate is the delusional excuse that ‘believers’ of all stripes give to the evidence that the Universe is supremely indifferent to them. It is almost always applied negatively. If they win a lottery, it’s egotistic entitlement. If they lose – “I guess it’s just Fate.” Call it fate, luck, karma, God, Satan – they all operate at the exact frequency as blind, random chance.
If God exists, free will is another delusion that does not, and cannot exist. God knows the future, and there is no deviation from His perfect plan. If God does not exist, free will looks a lot like this.

What is the soul, and what is immorality?
The soul is another imaginary assumption. There have been a number of, both scientific and non-scientific, studies searching for it, and the results have been universally negative. If it is anything different from ‘consciousness’ (which is another big, not-completely-understood phenomenon), no-one has been able to demonstrate it.
Like ‘Good’ and ‘Evil’ above, morality/immorality are subjective, man-made concepts, invented by power-hungry religious leaders, anxious to have and hold control over their obedient followers. What is moral now, was not moral then. What is moral here, is not moral there.
What is the order of man and state?
What is the meaning of this question? These deep, ‘philosophical’ concepts are deteriorating into chaos and confusion.
Man came first, and when groups of men became numerous enough, they invented the concept of ‘state.’ Is he asking if the individual man should be more important than the state? Clear, concise communication should be the first order of business.
What is education?
Why does he ask? Did he not receive enough to know? Does this person, who wishes to discuss philosophy, not have a good enough grasp of language to do so?
The act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. Modern usage generally assumes the transmission (or guidance of transmission) of knowledge from one person to another, but there are those who ‘educate’ themselves – known as autodidactics.
What is mind and matter?
If you don’t mind, then it doesn’t matter.
The mind is a delusion of self. It is the mostly non-physical, bio-electrical, neurological process of the physical brain.
Matter is also an illusion, and a delusion. While it looks and feels solid and strong, it is really 99.999% empty space. Infinitesimal particles group together to form, what used to be called, The Basic Building Blocks – protons, electrons and neutrons. Different numbers of protons dance around each other to form atomic nuclei. Different numbers of electrons orbit around these nuclei at relative distances that make the Sun and Pluto look like close friends.
Despite the apparent distance, the electrons whirl around the center so fast that, no matter what side other atoms approach from, the electrons are ‘always there,’ shunting them away. Various atoms get together to form molecules, but even there, they are none too cosy, leaving a lot more empty space.
Different numbers and arrangements of particles and atoms give different pieces of matter different feels, looks, and properties – but they are all made up of the same basic little bits. What are these basic bits made up of, you ask? Tune in to the TED Talk next week, when the smartest scientist in the world says, “Beats the Hell outta me! We’re still trying to figure that out.”
What are ideas, and what is thinking?
I have no idea, and I was thinking that someone should have checked with a dictionary, which says that IDEAS are:
any conception existing in the mind as a result of mental understanding, awareness, or activity.
a thought, conception, or notion
an impression
an opinion, view, or belief
Thinking is:
Having a conscious mind, to some extent of reasoning, remembering experiences, making rational decisions, etc.
Employing one’s mind rationally and objectively in evaluating or dealing with a given situation
Ideas are formed in the mind by the process of thinking, which is the action of electrons running around in the brain’s neurons, and leaping the synapses between them. Serious, professional scientists are still studying the brain and the mind, but despite considerable investigation, are still not entirely sure how it all works.
If our amateur philosopher wanted to credit a God for this, or any part of the above, no indication, much less proof, has ever been found. If he wanted deeper or broader information, his communication skills appear lacking. He seems to have ended up right where he started – in the middle, and in a muddle.
